I made this glossary for people who have an interest in law, it will help them to better understand the basic and the more difficult words used by lawyers as well as judges. This could also help people who are having problems with the law to better understand their situation.All definitions and examples were taken from the oxford lexico (https://www.lexico.com/).
acquit
verb
Free (someone) from a criminal charge by a verdict of not guilty.
Example: She was acquitted on all counts.
allegation
noun
A claim or assertion that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically one made without proof.
Example: Allegations were made against her.
appeal
verb
Apply to a higher court for a reversal of the decision of a lower court.
Example: Prosecution lawyers now have two or three days in which they can apply to appeal against the decision.’.
bail
noun
The temporary release of an accused person awaiting trial, sometimes on condition that a sum of money be lodged to guarantee their appearance in court.
Example: He has been released on bail.
case
noun
A legal action, especially one to be decided in a court of law.
Example: The former employee brought the case against the council.
court
noun
A tribunal presided over by a judge, judges, or a magistrate in civil and criminal cases.
Example: A settlement was reached during the first sitting of the court.
defendant
noun
An individual, company, or institution sued or accused in a court of law.
Example: The defendant tried to claim that it was self-defense.
exonerate
verb
(especially of an official body) absolve (someone) from blame for a fault or wrongdoing, especially after due consideration of the case.
Example: They should exonerate these men from this crime.
felony
noun
A crime, typically one involving violence, regarded as more serious than a misdemeanor, and usually punishable by imprisonment for more than one year or by death.
Example: He pleaded guilty to six felonies.
hearing
noun
An act of listening to evidence in a court of law or before an official, especially a trial before a judge without a jury.
Example: The court may stay execution pending a hearing.
judge
noun
A public official appointed to decide cases in a court of law.
Example: The judge decided her sentence.
jury
noun
A body of people (typically twelve in number) sworn to give a verdict in a legal case on the basis of evidence submitted to them in court.
Example: The jury returned unanimous guilty verdicts.
juvenile
noun
A person below the age at which ordinary criminal prosecution is possible (18 in most countries).
Example: The law relating to the sentencing of juveniles.
law
noun
The system of rules which a particular country or community recognizes as regulating the actions of its members and which it may enforce by the imposition of penalties.
Example: "they were taken to court for breaking the law".
lawyer
noun
A person who practices or studies law; an attorney or a counselor.
Example: A lawyer helped them win their case.
probation
noun
The release of an offender from detention, subject to a period of good behavior under supervision.
Example: I went to court and was put on probation.
sentence
noun
The punishment assigned to a defendant found guilty by a court, or fixed by law for a particular offense.
Example: Her husband is serving a three-year sentence for fraud.
trial
noun
A formal examination of evidence before a judge, and typically before a jury, in order to decide guilt in a case of criminal or civil proceedings.
Example: The editor was summoned to stand trial for libel.
void
adjective
Not valid or legally binding.
Example: The contract was void.
warrant
noun
A document issued by a legal or government official authorizing the police or some other body to make an arrest, search premises, or carry out some other action relating to the administration of justice.